What is Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome?
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a relatively rare condition characterized by recurring episodes of nausea, vomiting and extreme fatigue that have no obvious cause. Episodes can last for one or more hours or, in some patients, up to 10 days.
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To schedule an in-person or virtual consultation with a UH digestive health specialist, call 1-866-UH4-CARE.
Find a DoctorBetween episodes, patients are symptom-free for varying lengths of time. Patterns tend to form in each patient with the frequency, intensity and length of episodes being similar each time they occur.
CVS is most commonly diagnosed in young children, but it can occur in any age group. In recent years, it has been noted that the number of cases diagnosed in adults is increasing.
What are the symptoms of CVS?
Episodes of cyclic vomiting syndrome often begin in the morning and may be preceded by severe nausea and sweating. In addition to vomiting, episodes may include the following symptoms:
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Retching or gagging
- Sensitivity to light
What are the causes and risk factors of CVS?
Although the exact cause of CVS is unknown, research has shown that there may be a genetic component, suggesting an abnormality in how the brain communicates with the digestive tract.
Other possible causes include nervous system problems, hormone imbalances, history of migraine headaches and overuse of marijuana, which some patients may use to lessen nausea.
We do know, however, that certain behaviors and environmental factors may trigger episodes of vomiting. These may include:
- Certain foods and drinks
- Colds and/or infections (chronic sinusitis, tooth decay)
- Emotional stress, anxiety or excitement
- Hot weather
- Physical exhaustion
Diagnosis and Treatment of CVS in Children and Adults
There is no cure for CVS although many children may “grow out” of the syndrome. Because vomiting can be a symptom of so many disorders, diagnosis and treatment will typically begin with ruling out other potential causes. If no other cause can be identified, treatment will usually revolve around controlling the triggers through lifestyle changes and/or medications, including anti-nausea and migraine therapies.
Lifestyle changes may include:
- Avoiding foods that may have triggered past episodes, which may include chocolate, cheese and foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG)
- Avoiding or minimizing alcohol intake
- Eating smaller meals and low-fat snacks on a regular schedule
- Minimizing the excitement and anticipation before certain events, particularly in children
- Maintaining general good health, including oral hygiene
- Getting plenty of sleep
What are the potential complications of cyclic vomiting syndrome?
Untreated, CVS can lead to severe dehydration, damage to the esophagus from the stomach acid in vomit and tooth decay, also due to the acid found in vomit.
Call your UH digestive health specialist if you or your child have any of the following symptoms:
- Blood in the vomit
- Excess thirst and/or dry mouth
- Sunken eyes or cheeks
- No tears when crying
- Severe exhaustion
In some severe cases, hospitalization may be required to treat the symptoms of dehydration and manage the nausea and vomiting with medications.
Your health is important. Get expert care.
To schedule an in-person or virtual consultation with a UH digestive health specialist, call 1-866-UH4-CARE.