Yeast Infection

What Causes a Yeast Infection?

Yeast infections are a subcategory of vaginitis, or inflammation of the vagina. Normally, the yeast that lives in the vagina is well-balanced, with the presence of naturally occurring bacteria keeping yeast growth in check. However, when something disrupts this balance, it can cause the yeast to overgrow, causing a yeast infection. Factors that can upset this balance include:

• Taking antibiotics
• Weakened immune system
• Pregnancy
• Diabetes
• Using oral contraceptives or hormone therapy
• Sex with a new partner

Yeast Infection Symptoms

Signs that you may have a yeast infection include:

• Red, itchy, swollen or irritated vulva/vagina.
• Vaginal pain.
• Burning sensation with urination or sex.
• Thick, white, odorless and/or watery vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese-like consistency.

Symptoms of a yeast infection can range from mild to severe, and can also be similar to other medical conditions that require a different treatment protocol. This is why a proper diagnosis from your healthcare provider is important.

Yeast Infection Diagnosis and Treatment

To diagnose a yeast infection, your provider may perform a physical and pelvic exam, as well as examine vaginal discharge with a microscope to look for excessive candida growth.

Treatment for a yeast infection will depend on the infection’s severity and whether you have frequent yeast infections. Treatment options include:

• Vaginal antifungal therapy: These medications include antifungal creams, tablets and suppositories that are available over-the-counter or by prescription. These medications are meant to be placed directly in the vagina and can usually clear up symptoms of a mild yeast infection within a week. Common antifungal medications include miconazole and terconazole.
• Long-course vaginal therapy: Women with frequent yeast infections may be prescribed an antifungal medication taken daily for up to two weeks, then once a month for up to six months.
• Fluconazole (Diflucan): This single-dose oral medication may be prescribed for a mild yeast infection; a second or third dose may be prescribed for more severe symptoms. Fluconazole is not recommended for women who are pregnant.

Preventing Yeast Infections

Yeast infections can sometimes be prevented with lifestyle changes such as:

• Avoid douching.
• Avoid the use of feminine sprays, deodorants, and scented feminine hygiene products.
• Choose cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothing.
• Avoid wearing wet or damp clothing for prolonged periods of time.
• Use water-based lubricants when necessary during sex.
• Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics (such as for a cold or other virus).
• Control blood sugar levels if you are diabetic.