Overview of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R)

Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) is also called physiatry. It is a medical specialty that focuses on restoring function for a person who has been disabled due to a disease, disorder, or injury.

Physiatry provides integrated, multidisciplinary care aimed at recovery of the whole person. It addresses the person's physical, emotional, medical, vocational, and social needs. A healthcare provider who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation is called a physiatrist.

Rehabilitation (rehab) is the process of helping a person achieve the highest level of function, independence, and quality of life possible. Rehab does not reverse or undo the damage caused by disease or injury. But it helps restore the person to their best health, functioning, and well-being.

Rehabilitation medicine is designed to meet each person's specific needs. So each program is different. Some general treatment components for rehab programs include:

• Treating the basic disease and preventing complications

• Treating the disability and improving function

• Providing adaptive tools and altering the environment

• Teaching the person and their family, and helping them adapt to lifestyle changes

The success of rehab depends on many variables, including:

• The nature and severity of the disease, disorder, or injury

• The type and degree of any resulting impairments and disabilities

• The person's overall health

• Family support

Areas covered in rehab programs may include:

Patient need	Example
Self-care skills, including activities of daily living (ADLs)	Feeding, grooming, bathing, dressing, toileting, and sexual function
Physical care	Nutritional needs, medicine, and skin care
Mobility skills	Walking, transfers, and self-propelling a wheelchair
Respiratory care	Ventilator care, if needed; breathing treatments and exercises to promote lung function
Communication skills	Speech, writing, and alternative methods of communication
Cognitive skills	Memory, concentration, judgment, problem-solving, and organizational skills
Socialization skills	Interacting with others at home and in the community
Vocational training	Work-related skills
Pain management	Medicine and alternative methods of managing pain
Psychological counseling	Identifying problems and solutions with thinking, behavioral, and emotional issues
Family support	Help with adapting to lifestyle changes, financial concerns, and discharge planning
Education	Patient and family education and training about the condition, medical care, and adaptive methods

Rehab is needed when a disease and injury cause an impairment. Consider the following:

• An impairment is a loss of normal function of part of the body, such as paralysis of a leg.

• Disability occurs when a person can't do an activity in a normal way due to an impairment, such as not being able to walk.

• A handicap occurs when there are limits that prevent a person with a disability from doing their normal roles, such as not being able to work. A handicap refers to a barrier that may be imposed by society, the environment, or the person's own attitude.

Most people with disabilities are not considered handicapped. They go to school, work, perform family duties, and interact with society fully and capably.